1. Photographic Plates as Detectors of Mesotron Showers CONTEXT: ...tracks were due to mesotron pairs, and to apply to them the formula given by Wentzel3, limiting the angular spread ? of such showers, where ? ,S - ?S - " in our case e = z(x + ~i) where ? is mass energy of a mesotron ^ 108 ev., "e is... Nature 145, 894 - 895 (08 Jun 1940), doi: 10.1038/145894a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 2. A Photographic Method of Estimating the Mass of the Mesotron CONTEXT: ...arbitrariness in our method of grouping, which while giving a series of more or less concordant values of the mesotron mass, is not sufficiently randomized. In the present calculation all the tracks are grouped together for which the... Nature 149, 302 - 302 (14 Mar 1942), doi: 10.1038/149302a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 3. A Photographic Method of Estimating the Mass of the Mesotron CONTEXT: ...spacing f (ii) ("Mean P (iii)Total track in emulsion (iv) Total Scattering22° 33' Energy in Mev. Mass of Mesotron (v)(a) Mesotron (v)(6) Proton 1-20 6-9- 4-9 5-7 0-25 cm. 1-575 18-5 173m, 21-49 4-8- 3-7 4-2 0-33 cm. 52° 2' 0-776 10-5... Nature 148, 259 - 260 (30 Aug 1941), doi: 10.1038/148259a0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 4. Life-time of the Mesotron CONTEXT: ...to fulfil a simple resonance condition with an atomic nucleus near which it chances to pass. Thus tho 'birth' of a mesotron is connected with tho approach of a moving electron to within a distance ? of a nucleus, where a £t c!/wioc!... Nature 144, 667 - 667 (14 Oct 1939), doi: 10.1038/144667b0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 5. Does the Mesotron Obey Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac Statistics? CONTEXT: ...spin dependence of nuclear forces is obtained by choosing for the interaction between the heavy particles and the mesotron-neutrino field a form which combines the above two. The forces between like particles, which are known2 to be... Nature 145, 69 - 69 (13 Jan 1940), doi: 10.1038/145069a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 6. The Fundamental Length Introduced by the Theory of the Mesotron (Meson) CONTEXT: ...the electromagnetic field of a point charge. The detailed calculations will be published elsewhere. * The name 'mesotron' has been suggested by Anderson and Nedder-meye'r (NATURE, 142, 874; 1938) for the new particle found in cosmic... Nature 143, 276 - 277 (18 Feb 1939), doi: 10.1038/143276b0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 7. Mesotron (Intermediate Particle) as a Name for the New Particles of Intermediate Mass CONTEXT: ...of equal magnitude: electrons, the new particles and protons. We should like to suggest therefore the word 'mesotron' (intermediate particle) as a name for the new particles. It appears quite likely that the appropriateness of this... Nature 142, 878 - 878 (12 Nov 1938), doi: 10.1038/142878c0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 8. Mesotron Intensity as a Function of Altitude CONTEXT: ...extending the measurements to 35,000 ft. The data collected in these flights also indicate a similar shift in the mesotron intensity versus pressure curve at about the same altitude. This would mean that the effect is a real one. I... Nature 157, 691 - 691 (25 May 1946), doi: 10.1038/157691b0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 9. Evidence for Transformation of Mesotrons into Electrons CONTEXT: ...large sensitive period and volume, might catch a cosmic ray mesotron coming to the end of its range in the gas of the chamber. A recent photograph taken with this shows a mesotron track terminating in the gas as desired. From its end... Nature 145, 102 - 103 (20 Jan 1940), doi: 10.1038/145102a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 10. Transformation of Mesotrons into Electrons CONTEXT: The probability of catching a mesotron coming to the end of its range in a cloud chamber, with random expansions, is greatly enhanced if the chamber is large or contains gas at a high pressure. In the work previously reported a large... Nature 145, 818 - 819 (25 May 1940), doi: 10.1038/145818a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 11. Research Items CONTEXT: ...a half per cent. Subsequent short circuits should have little, if any, effect. Absorption of Hard Cosmic Rays and Mesotron Decay IT has several times been suggested that the observation that the absorption of hard cosmic rays is less... Nature 145, 902 - 903 (08 Jun 1940), doi: 10.1038/145902a0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 12. Cosmic Rays at High Altitudes CONTEXT: ...and (2) the number of mesotrons generated in a block of lead 2 cm. thick by non-ionizing radiation. The mesotron intensity was found to increase rapidly with altitude up to a maximum value at about 6-6 cm. pressure and then to... Nature 146, 527 - 527 (19 Oct 1940), doi: 10.1038/146527a0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 13. Energy Spectrum of Mesotrons at Low Energies CONTEXT: ...may be corrected for the number of transmitted electrons as suggested by Bhabha. The calculated points indicating mesotron intensity alone are shown in the graph by circles and are found to lie on the curve MNCDE, proving that this... Nature 156, 83 - 84 (21 Jul 1945), doi: 10.1038/156083b0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 14. Societies and Academies CONTEXT: ...law for the proton. Edinburgh Royal Society of Edinburgh, May 1. P. M. S. BLAOKETT (Bruce-Preller address): The mesotron: the new unstable cosmic ray particle. Recent work both theoretical and experimental has shown that the... Nature 143, 1037 - 1039 (17 Jun 1939), doi: 10.1038/1431037b0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 15. What Future for High Energy Electron Physics ? CONTEXT: ...a, Stanford Linear Accelerator ; b, superconducting linear accelerator; c, superconducting linac (optimistic); d, mesotron ; e, synchrotron. The accuracy of these estimates, made before any practical experience had been available... Nature 234, 242 - 243 (03 Dec 1971), doi: 10.1038/234242a0, Opinion PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 16. The ‘Failure’ of Quantum Theory at Short Ranges and High Energies CONTEXT: ...mass m0, originally studied in extra-nuclear theory, is the particle now used in nuclear theory under the name of 'mesotron', or 'meson', admits, I think, of no doubt. But whether the usual assumption is correct, that nuclear... Nature 143, 432 - 433 (11 Mar 1939), doi: 10.1038/143432a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 17. Heavy Cosmic Ray Particles at Jungfraujoch and Sea-Level CONTEXT: ...show that the long tracks are neither produced by the electron nor by the mesotron component.Electrons would be strongly absorbed in lead, whereas the mesotron intensity increases only by a factor 1.7 between Bristol and... Nature 144, 283 - 284 (12 Aug 1939), doi: 10.1038/144283a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 18. Origin and Nature of Heavy Ionization Particles Detected on Photographic Plates Exposed to Cosmic Rays CONTEXT: ...theories of Bhabha and Heitler, the scattering cross-section of fast mesotrons by protons increases with the mesotron energy and is independent of the proton mass. The first of these conclusions and the order of magnitude of the... Nature 147, 240 - 241 (22 Feb 1941), doi: 10.1038/147240a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 19. Points from Foregoing Letters CONTEXT: ...sec. for the decay time of a fast-moving mesotron, assuming its mass to be 150 times that of the electron. Prof. B. Rossi obtains a value of the same order of magnitude for the life of the mesotron from calculations based upon the... Nature 142, 1000 - 1000 (03 Dec 1938), doi: 10.1038/1421000b0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 20. Societies and Academies CONTEXT: ...of the photon and the theory of the heavy electron. A. PBOCA: A symbolic equation combining the equations of the mesotron (heavy electron), those of Eemmer, of Klein-Gordon and the L. de Broglie equations of the photon. C. SALCEANU:... Nature 143, 38 - 39 (07 Jan 1939), doi: 10.1038/143038b0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 21. Use of the Termination - in Physics CONTEXT: ...use, so that it would seem almost impossible to change them without confusion. On the other hand, positron and mesotron are household words in the mouths of comparatively few, and to rename them would not cause such widespread... Nature 143, 602 - 602 (08 Apr 1939), doi: 10.1038/143602a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 22. Points from Foregoing Letters CONTEXT: ...of Hahn and Strassmann. Dr. H.'J. Bhabha argues that the fundamental length determined by the mass of the mesotron (meson) does not set a limit to the accuracy of quantum mechanics and that it is possible to calculate the production... Nature 143, 290 - 290 (18 Feb 1939), doi: 10.1038/143290a0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 23. Mass and Mean Life-Time of the Meson CONTEXT: ...Hence, for case (i), (1) reduces to (8)me'(9)~7T These expressions show that the proper life-time of the mesotron increases rapidly with decreasing mass mp-, the numerical values for several cases being summarized in the accompanying... Nature 143, 761 - 762 (06 May 1939), doi: 10.1038/143761a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 24. Points from Foregoing Letters CONTEXT: ...of the uncertainty of position and momentum of the physical origin from which the observables are measured. The mesotron introduced in theoretical studies of the nucleus appears to be identical with the mass TOO (10/136 of the mass... Nature 143, 438 - 438 (11 Mar 1939), doi: 10.1038/143438b0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 25. Nitric Oxide in the Earth's Upper Atmosphere CONTEXT: ...interest to point out that A. H. Compton2 and his collaborators recently reported 25 km. as the altitude at which mesotron production took place at a latitudo of about 38°. This fact, and the observations reported above, make it... Nature 144, 152 - 152 (22 Jul 1939), doi: 10.1038/144152a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 26. Points from Foregoing Letters CONTEXT: ...regarded as a quasi-stable state of an ordinary electron, Ira M. Freeman derives a formula for the life-time of a mesotron which gives a result in good accord with experimental deductions. ?. ?. Jenkins has found a linear relation... Nature 144, 674 - 674 (14 Oct 1939), doi: 10.1038/144674b0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 27. Scientific Collaboration between Britain and France CONTEXT: ...for February 1, at which Sir Arthur Edding-ton was reading a paper on "The Masses of the Proton, Neutron, and Mesotron", and L. Janossy and B. Rossi a paper on "Photon Component of Cosmic Radiation". Prof. E. J. Williams was giving... Nature 145, 179 - 179 (03 Feb 1940), doi: 10.1038/145179b0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 28. Points from Foregoing Letters CONTEXT: ...and G. E. Roberts for the transformation of mesotrons into electrons. This bears out sthe supposition that the mesotron is identical with the particle assumed by Yukawa in his theory of nuclear forces and β-disintegration. A. H.... Nature 145, 111 - 111 (20 Jan 1940), doi: 10.1038/145111b0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 29. Points from Foregoing Letters CONTEXT: ...the field responsible for the interaction between elementary nuclear particles is a two-particle field, so that a mesotron is always emitted or absorbed in conjunction with a neutrino or antineutrino, P. L. Kapur states that it is... Nature 145, 73 - 73 (13 Jan 1940), doi: 10.1038/145073a0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 30. [Short Reviews] CONTEXT: ...and of their discovery. It is noteworthy that throughout the book there is no mention of the instability of the mesotron, nor except in a footnote of its theoretical importance. The last and longest lecture is a study of the latitude... Nature 145, 298 - 298 (24 Feb 1940), doi: 10.1038/145298c0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 31. Physics CONTEXT: ...passage of cosmic rays through matter, and in particular of the shower phenomenon. One chapter is devoted to the mesotron, and contains the evidence for assuming the existence of a new particle of mass intermediate between the proton... Nature 145, 141 - 141 (27 Jan 1940), doi: 10.1038/145141a0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 32. Further Evidence for the Radioactive Decay of Mesotrons CONTEXT: ...before they are brought to rest by ordinary loss of energy only in a gas, since in a liquid or solid absorber a 'mesotron' of a given velocity β? is stopped within a time which is very small in comparison with t/(\/1-β2) · By... Nature 142, 993 - 993 (03 Dec 1938), doi: 10.1038/142993a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 33. Research Items CONTEXT: ...of the cosmic radiation is interpreted to be the result of the deflection by the earth's magnetic field of the mesotron component while the rays are losing energy by ionization in the atmosphere. Since this component contains about... Nature 147, 578 - 579 (10 May 1941), doi: 10.1038/147578a0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 34. United States Antarctic Expedition, 1939?41 CONTEXT: ...were anticipated. Further analysis showed that this variation was associated with changes in the height of the mesotron-producing layer, but that contrary to the usual procedure in temperature latitudes, this could not be represented... Nature 149, 319 - 321 (21 Mar 1942), doi: 10.1038/149319a0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 35. Photograph of a Nuclear Disintegration in a Wilson Chamber CONTEXT: ...non-ionizing particle is responsible for the disintegration-the latter assumption appears more reasonable. A faint mesotron track is seen to cross the lead plate (2-2 cm. thick) and follow the continuation of track 4; it cannot be... Nature 152, 568 - 568 (13 Nov 1943), doi: 10.1038/152568a0, Abstract | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 36. Problems of Modern Physics PRO. J. FRENKEL CONTEXT: ...of neutrons and positrons when in 1937 Anderson discovered a new type of elementary particle, called the mesotron or meson, in cosmic rays. These particles have the same electris charge as an electron or positron, but their mass is... Nature 154, 450 - 454 (07 Oct 1944), doi: 10.1038/154450a0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 37. Fundamental Theory E. A. MILNE CONTEXT: ...masses of the proton, neutron, deuteron and helium nucleus, the separation constant of isobars and the mass of the mesotron, and to such more general questions as thewave equation, the electromagnetic field and radiation.As an... Nature 159, 486 - 488 (12 Apr 1947), doi: 10.1038/159486a0, PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link 38. The cosmic rain David Miller CONTEXT: ...the pion (Yukawa's force carrier) only after a long delay from 1935 to 1947, despite the early discovery of a ‘mesotron’ with many — but not all — of the right properties. This later turned out to have been the muon — the first heavy... Nature 396, 642 - 642 (17 Dec 1998), doi: 10.1038/25290, Book Review Full Text | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link